Makli

The prosperous and flourishing civilization of Indus Valley was brought to an end by the savage invasions of the Aryans about 1500 BC. After the Aryans, the Chandragupta Maurya founded the Mauryan Empire. In this dynasty, Ashoka emerged as a great ruler of sub-continent. He was the son of Bindusara Maurya and a grandson of Ghandragupta Maurya. With the decline of Mauryan dynasty, the Indo-Greeks under Alaxender conquered this region. In 320 B.C, Alaxender went back and died. With the departure of the Indo-Greeks, the Sycathians began to rule sub-continent. Sycathians were subsequently succeeded by the Partians, Kushans, White Hans, Turku Shahis,and Hindu Shahis.

During the rule of all these dynasties, Taxila, Ghandhara, Peshawar (Purushupura) and Charsada (Pushkalavati) became the important centers of knowledge and philosophy.